We all know that as children grow and develop, their needs and developmental characteristics change. A five-year-old absolutely will need something different than a seven-year-old.
Montessori’s theory describes four planes of development, each with its unique characteristics and needs. These planes represent distinct stages in a child’s development from birth to adulthood. Here’s an overview of the four planes of development in Montessori theory:
First Plane of Development
This plane is characterized by the child’s absorbent mind, which means they are like sponges, soaking up everything in their environment. Children in this plane are naturally curious, explorative, and eager to learn about the world around them. They learn through their senses and movement and need a prepared environment that is rich in sensory experiences and activities that allow them to develop independence, concentration, and coordination.
Second Plane of Development
This plane is characterized by the child’s reasoning mind. Children in this plane are capable of abstract thinking and have a strong desire to explore the world intellectually. They seek meaning and purpose in their activities, and they benefit from a curriculum that is based on the integration of knowledge across subject areas. Socialization and cooperation with peers become increasingly important.
Third Plane of Development
This plane is characterized by the adolescent’s quest for independence and identity. Adolescents in this plane are seeking to understand their place in the world and to find their own sense of purpose. They benefit from learning opportunities that allow them to explore their interests, pursue their passions, and take on increasingly complex challenges. Peer relationships and socialization remain crucial.
Fourth Plane of Development
This plane is characterized by the young adult’s transition to independence and self-discovery. Young adults in this plane are looking to establish their place in the world and to find a sense of meaning and purpose in their lives. They seek out opportunities to apply their skills and knowledge in real-world contexts and to make a positive impact in their communities.
Dr. Montessori describes these planes in great detail, especially the first two planes. Be sure to keep an eye out for future posts on each of them!